Over 15% of South Carolina homes rely on private wells for their water supply. Unlike municipal water, well water isn't monitored or treated by any government agency—the responsibility falls entirely on the homeowner.
Understanding Well Water in South Carolina
South Carolina's geology creates unique well water challenges. The state sits atop various aquifers with different mineral compositions, from the sandy coastal plains to the clay-rich piedmont region.
Common issues include high iron and manganese concentrations (especially in the piedmont), hydrogen sulfide from decaying organic matter, and bacterial contamination from surface water infiltration.
Important
South Carolina DHEC recommends testing private well water annually for bacteria and nitrates, and every 3 years for a full panel of contaminants.
Common Well Water Contaminants
Understanding what's in your well water is the first step toward effective treatment. Here are the most common issues we see in South Carolina:
| Contaminant | Signs & Symptoms | Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Iron | Rust stains, metallic taste | Oxidation filtration |
| Manganese | Black staining, bitter taste | Oxidation filtration |
| Hydrogen Sulfide | Rotten egg smell | Oxidation filtration or carbon |
| Hardness | Scale buildup, dry skin | Water softening |
| Bacteria | No visible signs | UV disinfection |
| Nitrates | No visible signs | Reverse osmosis |
Iron and Manganese Removal
Iron is the most common well water complaint in South Carolina. Even low concentrations (0.3 ppm) can cause rust-colored staining on fixtures, laundry, and dishes. Manganese causes similar issues with black staining.
The best solution for iron and manganese is an oxidation filtration system. These systems work by converting dissolved iron (ferrous) into solid particles (ferric) that can be filtered out.
Types of Iron Filters
Air Injection Systems
Use air to oxidize iron without chemicals. Best for iron levels up to 10-15 ppm. Require no chemical maintenance.
Chemical Feed Systems
Use chlorine or hydrogen peroxide for oxidation. Handle higher iron levels and also disinfect. Require chemical replenishment.
Catalytic Media Filters
Use specialized media like Birm or Filox to oxidize and filter iron. Effective up to 30 ppm with proper pre-treatment.
Hydrogen Sulfide (Rotten Egg Smell)
That distinctive rotten egg smell is hydrogen sulfide gas, produced by sulfur bacteria in the aquifer or by chemical reactions in your water heater. It's unpleasant but typically not a health hazard at common concentrations.
Treatment depends on the concentration and source. Carbon filtration works for low levels (under 1 ppm), while oxidation systems are needed for higher concentrations.
Bacterial Contamination
Unlike iron and sulfur, bacterial contamination poses real health risks. Coliform bacteria indicate possible contamination from surface water or sewage. E. coli indicates fecal contamination and requires immediate action.
UV Disinfection
UV water treatment destroys 99.99% of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens by damaging their DNA. It's chemical-free, requires minimal maintenance, and provides continuous protection.
Complete Well Water Treatment Systems
Most wells require multiple treatment stages to address all water quality issues. A typical comprehensive system might include:
Sediment Pre-Filter
Removes sand, silt, and large particles to protect downstream equipment
Iron/Sulfur Filter
Oxidizes and removes iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulfide
Water Softener
Removes hardness minerals to protect plumbing and appliances
UV Disinfection
Provides final bacterial protection before water enters the home
RO Drinking Water
Point-of-use system for the highest quality drinking and cooking water
Well Water Testing
Professional water testing is essential before selecting treatment equipment. A comprehensive test should include:
At Solomon Home Water Solutions, we provide free comprehensive well water testing. Our analysis identifies exactly what contaminants are present and at what levels, allowing us to design the most effective and economical treatment solution.